sw0006m National Florence Crittenton Mission records Karen Strauss and David Klaassen, Revised by Linnea M. Anderson University of Minnesota Libraries 1996
University of Minnesota Libraries Minneapolis, MN 55455
EAD encoding by Leslie Czechowski, Will Wright, and Linnea M. Anderson January 2005 English University of Minnesota Libraries. Social Welfare History Archives National Florence Crittenton Mission National Florence Crittenton Mission records 1895-1990 13.75 linear feet (33 boxes) The National Florence Crittenton Mission (NFCM) was chartered by Congress in 1898. Florence Crittenton homes were maternity homes and hospitals established in cities throughout the U. S. and Canada to provide residential care for unmarried mothers and their children and to undertake preventive and protective work for young girls. Documents include board of trustees and committee records, reports and other publications, financial records, and files on Crittenton homes in approximately 60 cities. SW006m English Administrative Information Use of Materials

Open for use in Social Welfare History Archives reading room.

Copyright

Copyright remains with the National Florence Crittenton Mission.

 Acquisition Information

The records of the National Florence Crittenton Mission were a gift to the Social Welfare History Archives, conveyed by Admiral John Barrett in September 1966. In 1986, a second accession arrived, including records through 1984.

 Arrangement

The records are arranged in eight series. Files within the series are arranged chronologically, with the exception of the member homes, which are arranged alphabetically. General Historical, 1895-1935 Publications, 1899-1950 Administration, 1934-1986 General Program Records, 1927-1945 Other Organizations, 1938-1959 Member Homes, 1903-1984 Reference, 1935-1983 Financial, 1925-1985

Related Material

See also the Florence Crittenton Association of America Records (SW0006a) and the files of the Child Welfare League of America's Florence Crittenton Division in the Child Welfare League of America Records (SW0055) in the Social Welfare History Archives.

 Other Finding Aid

Unpublished inventory available. Please contact Archives for more information.

Historical Note

The first Florence Crittenton home, the Florence Night Mission, was opened in 1883 on New York City's Bleeker Street by Charles Nelson Crittenton, a wealthy New York merchant. Crittenton founded the mission in memory of his daughter, Florence, who had died at the age of four. The purposes of this home were to reform "fallen women" and preach salvation and hope to and provide shelter for unmarried, pregnant women and girls. With the success of the Bleeker Street mission, Crittenton became a traveling evangelist, preaching in particular to prostitutes and the unwed mothers. As a result of his efforts, "Crittenton Homes" that provided rescue services and shelter to unwed mothers in an atmosphere permeated by Christian evangelism were established throughout the United States beginning in 1892.

In 1893, at a Christian Workers convention in Atlantic City, New Jersey, Crittenton met Dr. Kate Waller Barrett, a physician with whom he had corresponded regarding rescue work. Dr. Barrett assisted Crittenton in organizing homes and, in 1895, in forming the National Florence Crittenton Mission (NFCM) to provide a link between the various individual homes. Charles Crittenton became president and Dr. Barrett was appointed as the vice president and superintendent of the newly formed Mission. By the time the NFCM held its first national conference in 1897, it had fifty-one member homes. Local women's groups, known as "Florence Crittenton Circles," were also established in many cities to promote financial support for the Crittenton homes. The NFCM was granted a national charter by a special act of Congress in 1898 to provide shelter to women and girls who "have been betrayed from the path of virtue," to encourage their reformation, and help establish them in "honest industry."

Dr. Barrett and Crittenton traveled across the United States to bring public attention to the problems of prostitution and sexual offences and to promote an evangelical Christian attitude towards unwed mothers. Barrett also administered the national mission and provided consultation for individual homes. The NFCM was involved in several anti-prostitution efforts during the early 1900s and also stressed the need to provide care and training that would enable women to leave prostitution. In several cases where "red light" districts were closed, the NFCM consulted on how to provide for the prostitutes. However, its primary focus was the rescue and care of unwed mothers, their need for adequate medical care, and their right to raise their children free from the scorn of society. Except in extreme circumstances, Crittenton policy opposed the separation of mother and child for adoption and believed that children should be kept out of institutions. In fact, motherhood was seen as a means of reform and the Crittenton home as a training ground for responsible motherhood and self support. "Our girls need the influence of child-life upon them. They need to have the qualities that are essential to a strong, well regulated character trained in them" wrote Kate Waller Barrett in an undated pamphlet promoting the Crittenton philosophy of rescue work and its policy of keeping mother and child together.

The early 1900s saw changes in the structure and management of the NFCM and the operation of its individual homes, although its central purpose remained essentially the same. A five-member board was established in 1903 as part of a special act of Congress to amend the NFCM charter and reorganize the Mission. After Crittenton's death in 1909, Dr. Barrett succeeded him as president of the NFCM. Until her death in 1925, she worked to increase the influence of the national mission and to raise standards in the individual homes. She did much to call public attention to society's responsibility for the problems of unwed motherhood and worked to overcome frequent community opposition toward the mere mention of a subject that had long been prohibited by strict social taboos.

Robert South Barrett succeeded his mother as president of the NFCM in 1925 and her daughter, Reba Barrett Smith, became the general superintendent. In 1925, the NFCM established a Central Extension Committee, a group of fifteen members elected by the homes to serve as an advisory body to the Mission. The bylaws of the Central Extension Committee stated its purpose as follows: "To further the work of the NFCM in accordance with the policies of its founders regarding the spiritual, physical, social, and economic well-being of those whose rehabilitation is the goal of the organization." The executive officer was designated as the national extension director. The director's work involved visiting the homes and working with community groups to solve problems. The Central Extension Committee had complete responsibility for planning the annual national conferences and organizing the work of the extension director. Elizabeth Collier served as national extension director in the 1930s, and Hester Brown succeeded her in this position in 1940.

During the tenures of Kate Waller Barrett and Robert Barrett, the Crittenton homes began to be influenced by the emerging profession of social work. The NFCM began to offer professional training to staff members and worked to make homes comply with new state standards for child welfare. This trend was to have a profound influence on Crittenton methods over the next two decades, even while some homes retained their religious evangelical character and remained true to their original policy of encouraging unwed mothers to raise their own children. Issues faced during these years included: professional training of social workers, changing attitudes towards adoption, and meeting standards set by state welfare agencies.

During the 1920s to the 1940s, Crittenton homes faced pressures to become more professional in their methods. Beginning in the 1910s, states revised their adoption laws to emphasize child welfare and parent anonymity. Adoption agencies also began to emerge at this time. These trends opened new options for unwed mothers that began to compete with the Crittenton homes. Community Chest organizations, to which many homes turned for funding at this time, pressured homes to adopt the methods and standards of professional social work. The Crittenton homes' evangelical emphasis on redemption, and its attendant goal of keeping mother and child together, came to be seen as out-dated and unprofessional. Policies such as residence requirements were viewed as too restrictive and prohibited women from seeking work, especially when jobs became available during World War II. In 1943, at the 60th annual conference for Florence Crittenton workers, a resolution was adopted setting the standard of individual case planning for each resident and work with local adoption agencies. However, local control remained strong in some cities. Conflicts over standards and professionalization occasionally arose between local homes, the national mission, and local funding and social work agencies -- with the national mission sometimes assuming the role of mediator.

In the mid-1940s, National Florence Crittenton Mission executives, Robert Barrett and Reba Smith, announced their intention to retire by 1950 or 1951. Hester Brown, national extension director, was also anticipating retirement. This prompted plans for a reorganization and a special committee was appointed to study the future of the Mission. Rather than revise the NFCM charter, the Florence Crittenton Homes Association (FCHA) was established at the1950 annual meeting of the NFCM. The FCHA was an autonomous federation of Crittenton homes financed partly by the national mission and partly through dues paid by the member homes. It operated as a separate agency from the NFCM and assumed the responsibility for work with individual homes as well as the extension and clearing house services that had previously been provided by the national mission. Robert Barrett retired as the president of the national mission in 1950, but he retained his position as chairman of the board of trustees until his death in 1959. His son, Rear Admiral John P. B. Barrett, succeeded him as president of the NFCM until 1969, when he became secretary and was succeeded by Bruce Wert.

After the creation of the Florence Crittenton Homes Association in 1950 and its maturation as the Florence Crittenton Association (FCA), the NFCM gradually reduced its involvement in the operations of the homes throughout the country. It gave up its extension and clearing-house services and focused primarily on maintaining and supervising its invested funds, providing the chief means of support for the new association (and, later, for the Florence Crittenton Division of the Child Welfare League of America) and awarding grants to individual Crittenton agencies for capital improvement and program expansion projects.

Sources: McConnell, Nancy Fifield and Martha Morrison Dore. 1883-1983 Crittenton Services: The First Century. Washington D. C., National Florence Crittenton Mission. 1983 "Florence Crittenton Association of America" historical sketch. In <emph render="italic">Greenwood Encyclopedia of American Institutions, Social Service Organizations</emph>, edited by Peter Romanofsky, 306-311. London: Greenwood Press, 1978. "History of the Florence Crittenton Mission Board" available on the Child Welfare League of America Website http://www.cwla.org/programs/pregprev/flocritt.htm National Florence Crittenton Mission records, Social Welfare History Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries Barrett, Kate Waller M.D. "Motherhood A Means of Regeneration," 4-5. Washington, D.C.: National Florence Crittenton Mission. circa 1897.

Scope and Content

The National Florence Crittenton Mission Records consist of correspondence, memoranda, reports, minutes, financial records, and publications from the offices of the national mission and its staff. They also include similar materials from local Florence Crittenton homes and Florence Crittenton "circles" or boards. Local materials also include photographs, grant proposals, brochures, and legal documents.

The National Florence Crittenton Mission Records document the founding and administration of the Mission and certain of its member homes. The records trace changes within the organization regarding services for and attitudes towards unwed mothers as its focus shifted from evangelical rescue and redemption to maternity and counseling service with an emphasis on education, individual "adjustment," and adoption. In addition, the records are a valuable resource for understanding societal attitudes towards unwed mothers, sexuality, illegitimacy, and adoption. They also provide an opportunity to study these issues in different localities and over time. The role and influence of local Community Chest funding is also evident in some files.

NFCM's shift from a voluntary, evangelical service organization to a professional social service agency mirrors the transformation of social welfare services in the U.S. and the rise of professional social work. Scholars of social work history will find documentation on how the emerging and changing profession viewed maternity services, casework counseling, adoption policy, sexuality, illegitimacy, and the issue of professional standards. Those interested in women and social welfare, either as providers or receivers of services, will also find relevant material in the records. Many of the correspondents in the files are women, either national staff and officers or local board presidents and "matrons." Although no data is available on individual cases, clients in general are documented in correspondence, studies, reports, and publications that describe them from the perspective of Crittenton workers.

The NFCM records are arranged in eight series, consisting of: general historical material, publications, administrative records, general program records, records on other organizations involved with NFCM, member homes, reference materials, and financial records. The bulk of the records date from the late 1920s through the early 1950s. After that date, the administrative materials are mostly financial in nature. Very few topics can be adequately researched by examining just one series. Various pieces of information may be scattered throughout the collection. For example, a researcher might find information on a member home not only in the alphabetical member home files, but also in the annual reports and the correspondence of the national extension director.workers. The

 Index Terms

This collection is indexed under the following headings in the catalog of the University of Minnesota Libraries. Researchers desiring materials about related topics, persons or places should search the catalog using these headings.

Crittenton, Charles Nelson, 1833-1910 Barrett, Kate Waller, 1858-1925 Barrett, Robert South, 1877-1959 Smith, Reba Barrett National Florence Crittenton Mission--Archives Unmarried mothers -- Services for -- United States -- History -- Sources. Maternity homes -- United States -- History -- Sources. Sex counseling -- United States -- History -- Sources. Detailed Contents of the Collection General Historical, 1895-1935 Box 1

The General Historical series contains correspondence, photographs, and notes assembled for the 50th anniversary of the NFCM.

 1 1 General historical, 1895-1932, undated

Correspondence, including Charles Crittenton, Kate Waller Barrett, Robert S. Barrett, and Reba Barrett Smith.

 Charter form and constitution, circa 1920's, 1935 1 2 Photographs, 1890s-1980s, undated 1 3

Photos of individual homes, Charles Crittenton, and anniversary party

 Notes, 1899-1910 1 4

Notes on early Florence Crittenton training schools and founding of individual homes. (Notes assembled for 50th anniversary celebration.)

General Historical, Summaries, 1883-1914 1 5

Summaries regarding the Florence Night Mission (NYC), Charles Crittenton, and Kate Waller Barrett for 50th anniversary celebration. See also Legal-length Box L1, folder 1

 General Historical, Charles Crittenton, 1903 L1 1

Last will and testament of Charles Crittenton

 General Historical, 1920s, 1970s 1 6

Miscellaneous correspondence, material on Kate Waller Barrett, photocopies from Brother of Girls, Fifty Years Work with Girls, and articles from Florence Crittenton Magazine.

 General Historical, 1968-1970s 1 7

Correspondence; obituary of Reba Barrett Smith; and a term paper on Kate Waller Barrett that was written by her granddaughter.

 Centennial - Historical Society, 1982 1 8 Centennial Celebration, 1983 1 9 Publications, 1899-1950 Boxes 1-5

Contains the Florence Crittenton Magazine, annual reports, the Bulletin, and other miscellaneous publications.

 Florence Crittenton Magazine, 1899 1 10

volume 1, nos 1-6 (photocopies; originals stored in box 68)

 Florence Crittenton Magazine, 1899-1900 1 11

volume 1, nos 7-12 (photocopies; originals stored in box 68)

 Florence Crittenton Magazine, 1900 2 1

volume 2, nos 1-6 (photocopies; originals stored in box 68)

 Florence Crittenton Magazine, 1900-1901 2 2

volume 2, nos 7-12 (photocopies; originals stored in box 68)

 Florence Crittenton Magazine, undated 2 3 Florence Crittenton Magazine 1899-1901 68 1-3

Original copies

 Report of the National Florence Crittenton Mission, 1914 2 4 "Girls" [report], 1916 2 5 Annual and Biennial Reports, 1918-1919, 1919-1920 2 6

Annual and biennial reports of the president and officers of the national mission and individual homes.

 Annual and Biennial Reports, 1922-1927 2 7

Annual and biennial reports of the president and officers of the national mission and individual homes, and annual reports of the NFCM. Also, years 1925-1928 of the Bulletin. (extra copies of many reports and Bulletins, 1922-1945, are stored in box 69)

 Annual Report and Bulletin, 1928 2 8 Annual Report, 1929 2 9 Annual Report and Bulletin, 1930 2 10 Annual Report and Bulletin, 1931 2 11 Annual Reports and Bulletin, 1932-1935 3 1 Annual Reports and Bulletin, 1936-1946 3 2 Annual Report and Bulletin, 1941-1945 3 3 Annual Report and Bulletin, 1946 3 4 Annual Report and Bulletin, 1947 3 5 Annual Report and Bulletin, 1948 3 6 Annual Report and Bulletin, 1949 3 7 Annual Report, 1950 3 8 Annual Report and Bulletin, 1922-1945 69 1-17

Extra copies

 Pamphlets, circa 1897-1945 4 1

Kate Waller Barrett, Motherhood: A Means of Regeneration, circa 1897; Life Sketch and Work of Evangelist Charles N. Crittenton, circa 1912; What Presidents of the United States Think of Florence Crittenton Homes, circa 1936; Robert South Barrett, Twenty Years as President of the National Florence Crittenton Mission, 1945

 Fourteen Years Work Among "Erring Girls", 1897 4 2 Kate Waller Barrett, Some Practical Suggestions on the Conduct of a Rescue Home, 1900 4 3

(photocopies; originals stored in box 68)

 Charles Nelson Crittenton, The Brother of Girls, 1910 4 4 Robert South Barrett, The Care of the Unmarried Mother, 1929 4 5 Robert South Barrett, The Care of the Unmarried Mother, 1929 5 1 Otto Wilson, Fifty Years Work With Girls, 1933 5 2 Administration, 1934-1986 Boxes 5-9, L3

Comprises minutes and correspondence of the Board of Trustees, the Central Extension Committee, and the Extension Director.

 Board of Trustees Correspondence, 1934-1939 5 3 Correspondence, 1940-1945 5 4 Correspondence, 1946-1949 5 5 Correspondence, 1950-1952 6 1 Correspondence, 1953-1954 6 2 Correspondence, 1955-1957 6 3 Correspondence, 1957-1960 6 4 Correspondence, 1961 6 5 Correspondence, 1964-1966 6 6 Correspondence, 1927 6 7

Regarding formation of new homes

 Correspondence, 1976-1977 7 1 Correspondence, 1978-1979 7 2 Correspondence, 1980 7 3 Correspondence, 1981 7 4 Correspondence, 1981-1983 7 5 Correspondence, 1984-1985 7 6 Correspondence, 1986-1987 7 7 John Cross Trusts, Correspondence and Legal documents, 1980-1981 L3 1 Virginia Property Papers, Correspondence and Legal Documents, 1977-1984 L3 2 Judge Phillip Thurston Estate, Correspondence and Legal Documents, 1986 L3 3 Youngstown Ohio Trust Case, Correspondence and Legal Documents, 1979-1983 L3 4 Merger Materials with CWLA, Correspondence and Legal Documents, 1974-1976 L3 5 Trust Case with Salvation Army, Correspondence and Legal Documents, 1977 L3 6 By Laws, Correspondence and Legal Documents 1980-1981 L3 7 Correspondence, 1958-1963 7 8 Correspondence, 1977-1980 7 9 Correspondence, 1981-1982 8 1 Correspondence, 1983-1985 8 2 Correspondence, 8 3

NFCM

 Central Extension Committee, 1940-1941 8 4 Central Extension Committee, 1941-1943 8 5 Central Extension Committee, 1944-1946 8 6 Extension Director, 1940 8 7 Extension Director, 1941 8 8

Topics include: relations with welfare agencies of various states; relations with local Community Chests; Crittenton policy on hiring Catholic workers; relationship of homes to national mission; Salvation Army maternity homes; and issues in South Bend, Detroit, Jackson, MI, Charlotte, Erie, and Spokane homes. Hester Brown is a prominent correspondent.

 Extension Director, 1942 8 9

Regarding: policies in local homes; work for local boards; relationship of local homes to national mission; raising standards; retirement of aged Crittenton workers; needs of communities for maternity homes; and issues in Chicago, Erie, Scranton, and Charleston homes. Hester Brown is a prominent correspondent.

 Extension Director, 1943 9 1

Regarding: personnel problems; work and responsibilities of local boards; standards in Crittenton homes; relations with local Community Chests; and issues in Phoenix, Sioux City, and Youngstown homes. Hester Brown is a prominent correspondent.

 Extension Director, 1944 9 2

Regarding: Salvation Army maternity homes; relations with local Community Chests; fund-raising activities in local homes; relations with state welfare agencies; and issues in Baltimore, Paterson, and Norfolk homes. Hester Brown is a prominent correspondent.

 Extension Director, 1945 9 3

Regarding raising standards in Crittenton homes; personnel problems in local homes; and issues in Phoenix and Atlanta homes. Hester Brown is a prominent correspondent.

 General Program Records, 1927-1945 Boxes 9-13

Includes records such as the annual conference arrangements, applications for employment in homes, poetry and memorabilia, individual requests for assistance, and scholarships to enable unwed mothers to continue their education.

Note: Files containing the requests for assistance and scholarships have had the original letters with identifying names removed and replaced with masked photocopies.

 Annual National Conference, 1927-1928, 1932 9 4 Annual National Conference, 1932-1934 9 5 Annual National Conference, 1935 9 6 Annual National Conference, 1935-1936 9 7 Annual National Conference, 1938-1939 9 8 Annual National Conference, 1939-1941 10 1 Annual National Conference, 1941-1944 10 2 Applications for Employment in Homes, circa 1920s 10 3 Applications for Employment in Homes, circa 1930s 10 4 Applications for Employment in Homes, circa 1930s 10 5 Applications for Employment in Homes, 1930s 10 6 Applications for Employment in Homes, 1930s 10 7 Applications for Employment in Homes, circa 1930s 10 8 Applications for Employment in Homes, circa 1930s 11 1 Applications for Employment in Homes, circa 1930s 11 2 Applications for Employment in Homes, circa 1930s 11 3 Applications for Employment in Homes, circa 1940s 114 Applications for Employment in Homes, circa 1940s 11 5 Applications for Employment in Homes, circa 1940s 11 6 Applications for Employment in Homes, circa 1940s 11 7 Bulletin Subscriptions, 1931-1934 12 1 Bulletin Subscriptions, 1935-1937 12 2 Bulletin Subscriptions, 1938 12 3 Bulletin Subscriptions, 1939-1940 12 4 Bulletin Subscriptions, 1941-1942 12 5 Individual Requests for Assistance, 1920-1942 12 6

Note: original letters with identifying names of birth parents or family members have been replaced with masked photocopies.

 Poetry and Memorabilia, undated 12 7

Some poetry is by unwed mothers.

 Kate Waller Barrett Scholarships, 1940-1945 12 8

Scholarships for unmarried mothers to complete their education. Note: original letters with identifying names of birth parents or family members have been replaced with masked photocopies.

 Kate Waller Barrett Scholarships, 1941-1943 13 1 State Registration of Illegitimate Births, 1920, 1941 13 2 Other Organizations, 1938-1959 Boxes 13-15

Contains correspondence with the Florence Crittenton Homes Association, Child Welfare League of America, and the National Conference on Social Welfare.

 Florence Crittenton Homes Association, 1948 13 3

Regarding: need for reorganization of NFCM (upon retirement of Robert Barrett and Reba Smith), study of Crittenton homes, hiring professionally trained workers in Crittenton homes, and Central Extension Committee. Also regarding organization of FCHA in terms of constitution, bylaws, and financing. Gladys Revelle and Mayme Swanson are prominent correspondents.

 Florence Crittenton Homes Association, 1949 13 4

Regarding: survey of Crittenton homes, presentation of plans for FCHA to Crittenton homes, responses of individual Crittenton homes to joining FCHA, and issues of local autonomy over the admission of African American girls to Crittenton homes. Also, articles of incorporation, finances, and bylaws of FCHA. Gladys Revelle and Mayme Swanson are prominent correspondents.

 Florence Crittenton Homes Association, 1950 13 5

Responses of individual homes to joining FCHA, administration of FCHA and search for an executive director, legal aspects of formation of FCHA, finances, establishment of office procedures and services to member homes, and routine correspondence regarding the work of FCHA. Gladys Revelle is a prominent correspondent. See also Box L1:11.

 Florence Crittenton Homes Association, 1950 L1 10

Constitution, by laws, articles of incorporation, certificate of amendment

 Florence Crittenton Homes Association, 1950 13 6

Regarding: responses of individual homes to joining FCHA, administration of FCHA and search for an executive director, legal issues, finances, establishment of office procedures and services to member homes. Gladys Revelle is a prominent correspondent.

 Florence Crittenton Homes Association, 1951 13 7

Regarding: staff qualifications and duties, hiring an executive director, finances, FCHA policy regarding adoption, history of Kate Waller Barrett Training School, and relationship of Paterson home to national mission. Also, retirement of Robert Barrett, Reba Barrett Smith, and Charles Nicholson from the national mission. Gladys Revelle is a prominent correspondent.

 Florence Crittenton Homes Association, 1951 14 1

Regarding: staff qualifications and duties, hiring an executive director, finances, FCHA policy regarding adoption, history of Kate Waller Barrett Training School, and relationship of Paterson home to National Mission. Also, retirement of Robert Barrett, Reba Barrett Smith, and Charles Nicholson from national mission. Gladys Revelle is a prominent correspondent.

 Florence Crittenton Homes Association, 1952 14 2

Regarding: finances, relationship between FCHA director and national mission's Board of Trustees, employment of professionally trained workers in Crittenton homes, and policies regarding admission of non-Caucasian girls to Crittenton homes. Includes reports of the executive director and summaries of visits by field workers to individual homes in: Phoenix, Los Angeles, Jackson, MI, Cleveland, Columbus, Toledo, Pittsburgh, Williamsport, and Seattle.

 Florence Crittenton Homes Association, 1953 14 3

Regarding: relationship between Columbus, Ohio Crittenton board and Council of Social Agencies and resignation of Mobile home from FCHA. Also, finances, facilities for African American unwed mothers, and publicizing Crittenton work. Includes summaries of field visits to individual homes, standards for Columbus and Boston homes, and a copy of a telegram from President Eisenhower greeting NFCM at its national conference. Virgil Payne and Ruth Thorpe (president of FCHA) are prominent correspondents.

 Florence Crittenton Homes Association, 1954 14 4

Regarding: relationship of Columbus home to national mission and FCHA, finances, plans for celebration of the 75th anniversary of Crittenton work. Includes summaries of visits to individual homes. Virgil Payne, Ruth Thorpe, and Josephine Wright (president of FCHA succeeding Ruth Thorpe) are prominent correspondents.

 Florence Crittenton Homes Association, 1955 14 5

Regarding: fund-raising campaign, revision of bylaws, relationship between national mission and FCHA, and financial aid for FCHA from the NFCM. Includes summaries of visits to individual homes and reports of the executive director. Josephine Wright, Gladys Revelle, and Rear Admiral John P. B. Barrett (president of national mission after retirement of Robert Barrett in 1951) are prominent correspondents.

 Florence Crittenton Homes Association, 1956-1959 14 6

Scattered correspondence regarding: preparations for annual national conference, finances, plans for the 75th anniversary celebration, and revision of bylaws. See also Legal length L1:12 - correspondence regarding: certificate of incorporation.

 Florence Crittenton Homes Association 1959 L1 11

Correspondence regarding the certificate of incorporation.

 Child Welfare League of America - Correspondence, 1940-1943 14 7 Child Welfare League of America - Publications, 1939-1945 14 8 CWLA, Proposed Reorganization of Crittenton Division 15 1

NFCM

 CWLA - Grant Proposals, 1978-1983 15 2 CWLA - Grant Proposals, 1984-1985 15 3 National Conference of Social Work, 1938-1944 15 4 Member Homes, 1903-1984 Boxes 15-24

The Member Home series includes correspondence, reports, publications, and a limited number of corporate documents and brochures from NFCM member homes. The records reflect the relationship between homes and their local boards and between local leadership and the national office. They also document the history and facilities of individual homes, special projects, funding, policies and operation of homes, services offered, and changes in the status or work of the home. The amount of information varies widely, from only a few documents to several folders. The Member Homes files are not a comprehensive record of each home and almost never contain information on individual clients. In addition, the files do not contain birth records or individual patient data. The files are in alphabetical order by state. Within each state, the homes are listed in alphabetical order.

 Mobile, AL, 1935-1943, 1961, 1963, 1982 15 6

Correspondence between national mission and local Crittenton officials regarding: finances, administrative problems, standards for workers, physical standards for home, relationship of local board to Mobile Community Chest.

 Phoenix, AZ, 1933-1939 15 7

Correspondence between local officials and national mission regarding: finances, mixing delinquent girls from juvenile court with unwed mothers, physical standards of home. Monthly statistical reports.

 Phoenix, AZ, 1940-1941 15 8

Correspondence between local officials and national mission, monthly statistical reports. Regarding finances, employment of Catholic workers in home.

 Phoenix, AZ, 1942-1954, 1969, 1973 15 9

Correspondence between local official and national mission, finances, monthly statistical reports.

 Phoenix, AZ, 1979, 1982, 1987 16 1

Grant Requests from Florence Crittenton Services

 Tucson, AZ, 1987 16 2

Grant Request from Arizona Children's Home Association

 Hot Springs, AK, circa 1930-1931 16 3

One report, two letters

 Little Rock, AK, 1926-1943, 1960 16 4

Discussion of policy regarding adoption, relationship of home to Little Rock Community Chest, administrative policies, standards of home, relationship of national mission to local home, effects of World War II.

 Little Rock, AK, 1981, 1982, 1984 16 5

Grant requests from Florence Crittenton Home Services

 Bakersfield, CA, 1983 16 6

Grant request from Children's Home Society of California

 Los Angeles, CA, 1951-1954, 1966-1972 16 7

Financing building program, financial aid from national mission to local home. Scattered correspondence

 Los Angeles, CA, 1979, 1980, 1982, 1984, 1987 16 8

Crittenton Center for Young Women and Children

 Orange County, CA, 1970-1975, 1978, 1980, 1982-1983, 1984 16 9

Scattered correspondence, loan program. Grant requests

 San Francisco, CA, 1941-1950, 1966-1972 16 10

Regarding: foster home program, financing new Crittenton homes, and relationship of home to San Francisco Community Chest

 San Francisco, CA, 1978, 1982, 1984, 1987 17 1

Grant requests from Florence Crittenton Services

 San Jose, CA, 1908 17 2

Single letter describing visit of Charles N. Crittenton to city and his participation in a revival meeting.

 Denver, CO, 1963-1977 17 3

Correspondence

 Denver, CO, 1981-1982, 1987 17 4

Grant requests from Human Services, Inc.

 New London, CN, 1983 17 5

Grant request from Child and Family Agency

 Wilmington, DE, 1932-1944, 1971 17 6

Correspondence between Reba Smith and Mrs. Charles Evans (member of the Wilmington home's Board of Directors and a personal friend of Barrett and Smith). Regarding policy on accepting married women, unwed mothers with "second offenses," and individual cases. See also Legal-length Box L1, folder 1.

 Wilmington, DE, 1895-1898 L1 1 District of Columbia, 1914-1937 17 7

Letter to Kate Waller Barrett protesting the promotion of Crittenton work by holding baby shows in local store windows and her reply. After 1935, routine correspondence between national mission and officials of local home. Policy regarding specified length of stay in home after giving birth.

 District of Columbia, 1938-1939 17 8

Correspondence between national mission and local officials, monthly reports of caseworker and superintendent, history of the home and its policies

 District of Columbia, 1940-1941 17 9

Routine correspondence, monthly reports. Regarding policy favoring keeping mother and baby together, Ivakota Farm.

 District of Columbia, 1942-1956, 1966-1977 18 1

Very scattered material. Jean Cole, superintendent of the Washington, D.C. home, is a prominent correspondent

 District of Columbia, 1983 18 2

Grant requests and other correspondence from Florence Crittenton Services of Greater Washington

 District of Columbia, 1983 18 3

Grant requests and other correspondence from Florence Crittenton Services of Greater Washington

 Jacksonville, FL, 1969 18 4

Scattered correspondence, brochure

 Jacksonville, FL, 1983, 1987 18 5

Grant requests from Children's Home Society

 Miami, FL, 1965-1974 18 6

Grant request and other correspondence from Dade County Florence Crittenton Home

 St. Petersburg, FL, 1936-1943 18 7

Financing purchase of property, physical standards in home, and staffing problems

 Atlanta, GA, 1904, 1950-1956, 1970-1976, 1984 18 8

Petition of incorporation (1904), fund-raising activities, relationship between national mission and local home. One grant request.

 Columbus, GA, 1931-1935 18 9

Legal complications following the closing of the home due to financial difficulties

 Savannah, GA, 1935, 1963-1966 18 10

A form letter requesting financial support and a Christmas poem are the only papers in the folder

 Savannah, GA, 1980-1983 18 11

Grant requests from Parent and Child Development Services

 Chicago, IL, 1950-1955, 1966 19 1

Two letters concerning the establishment of the Florence Crittenton Anchorage in Chicago, report from 1966

 Chicago, IL, 1983, 1987 19 2

Grant requests from two different agencies; Chicago Child Care Society and Bartelme Home and Services

 Des Plaines, IL, 1981 19 3

Grant request from Traveler's Aid Association

 Moline, IL, 1984 19 4

Grant request from Bethany Home

 Parkview, IL, 1987 19 5

Grant request from Childserv.

 Peoria, IL, 1936, 1981-1983 19 6

Brochure publicizing the Peoria home

 Peoria, IL, 1978-1979 19 7

Grant request from Florence Crittenton Home

 Indianapolis, IN, 1931-1934 19 8

Regarding: financial difficulties, aid from the national mission to raise physical standards in the home, Reba Smith's views on sterilization of feeble-minded and "highly-sexed" girls.

 South Bend, IN, 1926-1951 19 9

Regarding: publicity for Florence Crittenton circles, developing community support for Crittenton work, effects of Depression, problems with personnel and repercussions, follow-up work with unwed mothers, relations with national mission and South Bend Community Chest, and standards in Crittenton work.

 Terre Haute, IN, 1907, 1930-1955 19 10

Receipt for purchase of property (1907), articles of incorporation and bylaws, policies and standards in home, fund-raising plans for new building. The papers are scattered after 1935.

 Sioux City, IA, 1926-1937, 1951-1953 19 11

Correspondence between national mission and local board regarding: fund-raising, relationship between local board and superintendent of home, personnel problems in Seattle home, Crittenton policies regarding treatment of venereal disease, state standards for fire and health protection, policies and activities of home.

 Topeka, KS, 1919-1930, circa 1946-1956, 1970 19 12

Scattered, routine correspondence. Letter of recommendation from Kate Waller Barrett to Sarah Malone regarding collection of funds to start homes for African American unwed mothers. Also regarding: constitution and bylaws, finances and plans for construction of new home, length of time required for girls to stay in home after birth of baby.

 Ashland, KY, 1920-1921 19 13

Scattered letters to Kate Waller Barrett

 Lexington, KY, 1894-1957 19 14

Letters to Kate Waller Barrett, articles of incorporation. Topics include establishment of home with local financial support. Papers are widely scattered.

 Louisville, KY, 1912 19 15

Letters to Kate Waller Barrett regarding establishing and financing the home.

 Baltimore, MD, 1941-1944, 1966-1977 19 16

Study of local home by Baltimore Council of Social Agencies; outline and evaluation of policies, programs, and finances of the home; bylaws and amended charter.

 Baltimore, MD, 1984, 1982 and 1987 19 17

Grant requests from two different agencies; Family and Children's Society and Florence Crittenton Services

 Boston, MA, 1926-1951, 1971-1974, 1977, 1982 19 18

Amended constitution and bylaws, grant request. Topics include: community's need for maternity home, relations with Community Fund, finances, and response of Crittenton workers to changing theories of social work regarding adoption and professional training of staff. Also, history and policies of the Welcome House, which transferred its assets to the Florence Crittenton League of Compassion (the local Crittenton organization). Clarence Preston is a prominent correspondent.

Lowell, MA, 1953, 1961, and undated 20 1

Miscellaneous papers and correspondence regarding situations faced by the local Crittenton League

 Lynn, MA 1907-1908 20 2

Letters to Kate Waller Barrett reflecting the development of the local Crittenton branch, finances, and plans for a revival meeting.

 Swampscott, MA, 1927-1940 20 3

Scattered correspondence regarding mortgage on Crittenton property.

 Worcester, MA, 1983, 1987 20 4

Grant request from Worcester Children's Friend Society.

 Detroit, MI, 1915, 1944-1954, 1977, 1981 20 5

Response to death of D.D. Spellman. Scattered correspondence regarding proposed monograph on Crittenton work. Folder also contains master's thesis by Nancy Visser, "A Study of Natural Groups in the Detroit Crittenton Home," 1953.

 Detroit, MI 1982-1983 20 6

Grant requests from the Lula Belle Stewart Center.

 Jackson, MI, 1965-1974 20 7

Scattered correspondence.

 Minneapolis, MN 1958 20 8

Correspondence regarding location of a birth record after the Minneapolis Crittenton home had closed.

 Jackson, MS, 1962-1971, 1981-1984 20 9

Scattered correspondence, brochure. Grant requests.

 Kansas City, MO (Caucasian), 1927-1934 20 10

Regarding: finances, policy on length of time mother must remain in home after giving birth, local management of home by Women's Interdenominational Missionary Council, vocational training, religious services in home and effects of Depression on community funds. Annual statistical reports.

 Kansas City, MO (Negro), 1926-1934 20 11

Regarding: facilities for African American unwed mothers, finances, construction of a new home, effects of Depression, concern over conditions in Topeka Home for Colored Girls, promotion of religion in the home, concern over holding annual national conferences in the South when African American Crittenton workers attend. Includes scattered monthly reports

 Kansas City, MO, 1976, 1979 20 12

Grant requests from two different agencies; Florence Crittenton Center and Family and Children's Service of Kansas City

 St. Louis, MO, 1987 20 13

Grant request from the Annie Malone Children's Home

 Helena, MT, 1906-1956, 1973, 1975-1983 20 14

Very scattered and miscellaneous papers. Letter from Kate Waller Barrett regarding property of home in Portland, fund-raising.

 Atlantic City, NJ, 1931, 1941-1946 20 15

Regarding: care of African American as well as Caucasian unwed mothers in New Jersey, threat of need to close home, and effects of World War II. The correspondence is very scattered.

 Newark, NJ, 1955 20 16

Correspondence regarding death of Dr. William Ward, a member of the local Crittenton board.

 Ocean Grove, NJ, 1958-1961 20 17

Correspondence, minutes of board meetings

 Paterson, NJ, 1940-1952 20 18

Regarding: concern over standards in the home by national mission and New Jersey Department of Institutions and Agencies, relationship between national mission and Paterson Crittenton officials, attitudes of Paterson officials towards Newark Crittenton home, and refusal of Paterson to join FCHA and the subsequent withdrawal of the home from NFCM to become the Florence Christian Home. Also relates to: promotion of religion in the home; attitudes of local and national mission officials regarding "sinfulness" of unwed motherhood; policy on sheltering older children, delinquent girls, and whole families as well as unwed mothers in the home; record-keeping practices; and the effects of World War II. Jacob Stamm (president of the local board) is a prominent correspondent.

 Trenton, NJ, 1940-1953 21 1

Routine financial matters, need for retirement pension for Crittenton workers, construction of addition to home. The correspondence is very scattered.

 Trenton, NJ, 1983, 1987 21 2

Grant request from the Children's Home Society

 Buffalo, NY, 1987 21 3

Grant request from the Child and Family Services

 New York City, NY, 1926-1946 21 4

Regarding: relationship between local officials and national mission, physical standards of home, inspection of home by New York State Department of Welfare, analysis of population of home, policy regarding admission of delinquent girls from the juvenile courts, and change from a locked shelter to an open home. Includes analysis of needs and facilities in New York City for unwed mothers. Also includes finances and fund-raising projects.

 New York City, NY, 1947-1959 21 5

Minutes of some meetings of the Board of Directors of the Florence Crittenton League of New York dating from 1957-1959. Judge William Bayes (president of the League), is a prominent correspondent.

 New York City, NY, 1957 21 6

"History of the Florence Crittenton League, Inc. in NYC, 1883-1956," (Master's thesis by Hilda B. Schnayerson)

 New York City, NY, 1987, 1983, 1984 and 1987 21 7

Grant request from three different agencies; Graham-Windham Services, Louise Wise Services, and Spence-Chapin Services to Families and Children.

 Charlotte, NC, 1929-1953, 1965-1968, 1978 21 8 Fargo, ND, 1924-1929, 1948-1949 21 9

Correspondence regarding legal matters, especially deed of property. Includes 1940s correspondence on sale of property. See also Legal-length Box L1, folder 2.

 Fargo, ND, 1893-1924 L1 3

Regarding property in Fargo

 Akron, OH, 1935-1938 21 10

Undated brochure, correspondence with Reba Smith from the 1930s.

 Akron, OH, 1987 21 11

Grant request from the Summit County Children's Services Board

 Cleveland, OH, 1953-1956, 1911-1983 21 12

Several letters from Robert Barrett; brief history of Florence Crittenton Services of Greater Cleveland; and report of 1982 annual meeting.

 Columbus, OH, 1906, 1953-1954 21 13

Correspondence between Robert Barrett and Board of Trustees of Columbus home regarding publicity over adoption case. Also, controversy regarding compliance of Columbus home with national mission policies. Mrs. Karl Klassen and Mrs Eugene Revelle are prominent correspondents.

 Columbus, OH, 1952-1962 21 14

Correspondence, newsletters, and policies from various homes collected by Mrs. Karl Klassen, news clippings.

 Columbus, OH, 1962-1963 22 1

Correspondence, meeting minutes, budget material

 Columbus, OH, 1963-1964 22 2

Questionnaire sent to Ohio Crittenton homes on where and when high school girls return to school after giving birth. Also, budgets, meeting minutes.

 Columbus, OH, circa 1980s 22 3

Correspondence of Mrs. Karl Klassen

 Columbus, OH, 1961-1962 22 4

Program and Policy Committee

 Columbus, OH, 1958-1961 22 5

Annual reports

 Columbus, OH, 1961, 1963, 1962-1966 22 6

Guidebook, annual reports for auxiliary groups.

 Columbus, OH, undated 22 7

Materials for Board of Trustees (draft form)

 Columbus, OH, 1964 23 1

Board member's manual

 Columbus, OH, circa 1950s-1960s 23 2

Miscellaneous pamphlets collected by Mrs. Karl Klassen.

 Columbus, OH, circa 1950s-1960s 23 3

Miscellaneous pamphlets collected by Mrs. Karl Klassen.

 Columbus, OH, 1950s-1960s L1 8

Newspaper clippings collected by Mrs. Karl Klassen

 Columbus, OH, 1967-1984 23 4

Scattered material. Grant requests from Florence Crittenton Services, Family Counseling, and Crittenton Services. Constitution and board minutes.

 Toledo, OH, 1948-1954, 1960 23 5

Correspondence

 Toledo, OH, 1982, 1984, 1987 23 6

Grant requests from Toledo Crittenton Services

 Youngstown, OH, 1967-1976 23 7

Correspondence

 Portland, OR, 1903 23 8

Correspondence

 Portland, OR, 1983 23 9

Grant request from The Boys and Girls Society of Oregon

 Erie, PA, 1937-1941, 1964-1974 23 10

Legal correspondence, property deed

 Harrisburg, PA, 1927-1930, 1941 23 11

Correspondence, including legal correspondence

 Philadelphia, PA, 1941-1948, 1967-1983 23 12

Report of 1941 regional conference, brochures, clippings

 Philadelphia, PA, 1984, 1987 24 1

Grant requests from Youth Services, Inc.

 Pittsburgh, PA, 1947 24 1A Scranton, PA, 1938-1944 24 2

Self-evaluation Questionnaire, report of Council of Social Agencies

 Williamsport, PA, 1969 24 3

Capital improvement grant

 Charleston, SC, 1942-1954, 1983-1984 24 4

Very scattered correspondence regarding: financial aid from national mission to local home, soliciting funds from community, and need for retirement pensions for Crittenton workers. One grant request from Florence Crittenton Home (1983).

 Chattanooga, TN, 1936-1954, 1972-1973, 1978, 1983 24 5

Very scattered correspondence. Financial aid from national mission, soliciting funds from community, need for retirement pensions for Crittenton workers. Two grant requests.

 Knoxville, TN, 1974, 1987 24 6

One letter regarding film, It Happens to Us, containing criticism of Knoxville home. One grant request from Child and Family Service of Knox County.

 Nashville, TN, circa 1930s 24 7

Notes on care of children used in training course, standards for hiring Crittenton workers, vocational training of unwed mothers for nursing and child care positions. See also legal-length box L1 folder 5.

 Nashville, TN, undated L1 5

Material concerning training course in Nashville home.

 Houston, TX, circa 1936, 1947, 1972-1975, 1984, 1987 24 8

Regarding: hiring professionally trained workers in Crittenton homes, policy on adoption, welfare services for African American unwed mothers in Houston, and standards in Crittenton homes. Also, capital improvement grant and two grants from De Pelchin Children's Center.

 Ogden, UT, 1926-1942 24 9

Very scattered correspondence. Relationship between national mission and local officials, standards and philosophy of Crittenton work, finances, sale of Crittenton property. See also Legal-length Box L1, folder 3.

 Ogden, UT, L1 4 Burlington, VT, 1983 24 10

Grant request from the Vermont Children's Aid Society

 Ivakota Association, Inc. (VA), 1952, 1975-1980 24 11

Meeting minutes, investment performance review. (See also Washington, DC home)

 Lynchburg, VA, 1944-1955, 1966-1967 24 12

Very scattered correspondence. Basic policies on Crittenton work, effect of location of home for unwed mothers on surrounding properties, correspondence regarding individual case.

 Norfolk, VA, 1944-1955, 1965, 1975 24 13

Description of home and its policies and practices. Topics include: activities of junior board, policies on adoption, history of home, financial aid from national mission for local home, and vocational training for unwed mothers.

 Seattle, WA, 1935-1943, 1973-1975 24 14

Discussion on closing home due to declining population. Also, evaluation of community need for home, effect of World War II, Salvation Army maternity homes, construction of new home, and financial aid from national mission to local home.

 Spokane, WA, 1935-1943 24 15

Scattered, routine correspondence. Relations with state social welfare agencies and decision to close home.

 Wheeling, WV, 1966-1968 24 16

Correspondence with board of home and with FCHA, capital improvement grant

 Reference, 1935-1983 Boxes 24-25

Includes correspondence and brochures about individual homes. The amount of information varies widely, from only a few sheets to a number of folders.

 Government documents, 1942-1946 24 17 Studies of Unmarried Mothers, 1935-1937 24 18 Studies of Unmarried Mothers, 1937-1943 24 19 Studies of Unmarried Mothers, 1943 24 20 Location of Mission files, 1980 25 1 NFCM Archives at SWHA, 1982-1983 25 2 Financial, 1925, 1936, 1949, 1951-1985 Boxes 25-30, L1, L2

Consists of ledgers, tax materials, audits, and grant applications and disbursements.

 Contracts and Agreements 1959-1960 L1 7 Grants Grant Policy, 1976-1977 25 3 Grant Policy, 1978-1981 25 4 Grants Policy, 1982-1984 25 5 Policy as discussed in Trustee's Meetings, 1979-1984 25 6 Applications and Procedures, 25 7

NFCM

 Request Summaries, 1979-1985 25 8 Financial Information, 1979-1980 25 9 Financial Information, 1981 25 10 Financial Information, 1982 25 11 Financial Information, 1983 25 12 Financial Information, 1984 25 13 Financial Information, 1985-1987 25 14 Ledgers, 1963-1965 26 1 Ledgers, 1965 26 2 Tax returns, ledgers, 1966 26 3 Ledgers, 1967 26 4 Ledgers, Correspondence, 1968 26 5 Ledgers, 1966-1968 27 1 Ledgers, Correspondence, 1968 27 2 Ledgers, Correspondence, 1970 27 3 Ledgers, 1969-1971 27 4 Ledgers, Reports, 1971 27 5 Ledgers, 1972 28 1 Ledgers, 1972-1974 28 2 Ledgers, Tax returns, 1977 28 3 List of Assets, Investments, 1977 28 4 First National Bank of Chicago v. Scott et al., 1977 L1 9

Disbursement of funds bequeathed to Florence Crittenton home, Anchorage, Alaska.

 Correspondence, Assets, 1977 28 5 Ledgers, 1977 28 6 Investments, 1978-1979 28 7 Investment Performance Review, 1979 L2 3 Investment Performance Review, 1980 L2 4 Investment Performance Review, 1981 L2 5 Investment Performance Review, 1982 L2 6 Investment Performance Review, 1983 L2 7 Investment Performance Review and Audit, 1984 L2 8 Investment Performance and Portfolio Strategy Review, 1985 L2 9 Investment Performance and Portfolio Strategy Review, 1986 L2 10 Investment Performance and Portfolio Strategy Review, 1987 L2 11 Correspondence, 1977-1984 29 1 Correspondence, 1972-1981 29 2

Federal tax status, corporate status in Virginia

 Financial records, 1980-1984 29 3

Sale of Youngstown, OH property

 Financial records, 1981-1983 29 4

Sale of Knoxville, TN property

 Legacies, 1981-1982 29 5 Board of Trustees, 1966-1972 29 6 Accountant's report, 1925 30 1

Florence Crittenton Mission, New York City

 Audit, 1936 30 2 Audit, 1949 30 3 Audit, 1951 30 4 Audit, 1952 30 5 Audit, 1953 30 6 Audit, 1954 30 7 Audit, 1955 30 8 Audit, 1956 30 9

See also Legal length L1:6 1956-1960 Tax returns

 Audit 1957 30 10 Audit, 1958 30 11 Audit, 1959 30 12 Audit, 1960 30 13 Federal Tax Returns, 1956-1960 L1 6 Audit, 1961 30 14 Audit, 1962 30 15 Audit, 1963 30 16 Audit, 1964 30 17 Audit, 1965 30 18 Audit, 1966 30 19 Audit, 1967 30 20 Audit, 1968 30 21 Audit, 1969 30 22 Audit, 1971 30 23 Audit, 1972 30 24 Audit, 1975-1976 L2 1 Audit, 1976-1977 30 25 Audit, 1976-1977 L2 2 Audit, 1977-1978 30 26 Audit and Tax return, 1978-1979 30 27

Audit for 1978-1979, tax return for 1979

 Audit and Tax return, 1979-1980 30 28

Audit for 1979-1980, tax return for 1980

 Audit and Tax return, 1980-1981 30 29

Audit for 1980-1981, tax return for 1981

 Audit and tax return, 1981-1982 30 30

Audit for 1981-1982, tax return for 1982

 Audit and Tax return, 1982-1983 30 31

Audit

 Audit and Tax return, 1983-1984 30 32

Audit for 1983-1984, tax return for 1984